Module jakarta.persistence
Package jakarta.persistence

Annotation Interface OneToOne

@Target({METHOD,FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface OneToOne
Specifies a single-valued association to another entity class that has one-to-one multiplicity. It is not usually necessary to specify the associated target entity explicitly, since it can usually be inferred from the type of the object being referenced.

If the relationship is bidirectional, the non-owning side must use the mappedBy() element of the OneToOne annotation to specify the relationship field or property of the owning side.

A OneToOne association usually maps a unique foreign key relationship, either a foreign key column or columns with a unique constraint, or a relationship via a shared primary key. The JoinColumn annotation may be used to map the foreign key column or columns. Alternatively, an optional OneToOne association is sometimes mapped to a join table using the JoinTable annotation.

The OneToOne annotation may be used within an embeddable class to specify a relationship from the embeddable class to an entity class. If the relationship is bidirectional and the entity containing the embeddable class is on the owning side of the relationship, the non-owning side must use the mappedBy() element of the OneToOne annotation to specify the relationship field or property of the embeddable class. The dot (.) notation syntax must be used in the mappedBy() element to indicate the relationship attribute within the embedded attribute. The value of each identifier used with the dot notation is the name of the respective embedded field or property.

Example 1: One-to-one association that maps a foreign key column 

// On Customer class:

@OneToOne(optional = false)
@JoinColumn(name = "CUSTREC_ID", unique = true, nullable = false, updatable = false)
public CustomerRecord getCustomerRecord() { return customerRecord; }

// On CustomerRecord class:

@OneToOne(optional = false, mappedBy = "customerRecord")
public Customer getCustomer() { return customer; }

Example 2: One-to-one association that assumes both the source and target share the same primary key values. 

// On Employee class:

@Entity
public class Employee {
    @Id
    Integer id;

    @OneToOne
    @MapsId
    EmployeeInfo info;
    ...
}

// On EmployeeInfo class:

@Entity
public class EmployeeInfo {
    @Id
    Integer id;
    ...
}

Example 3: One-to-one association from an embeddable class to another entity. 

@Entity
public class Employee {
    @Id
    int id;
    @Embedded
    LocationDetails location;
    ...
}

@Embeddable
public class LocationDetails {
    int officeNumber;
    @OneToOne
    ParkingSpot parkingSpot;
    ...
}

@Entity
public class ParkingSpot {
    @Id
    int id;
    String garage;
    @OneToOne(mappedBy = "location.parkingSpot")
    Employee assignedTo;
    ...
}
Since:
1.0

  • Optional Element Summary

    Optional Elements
    Modifier and Type
    Optional Element
    Description
    CascadeType[]
    cascade
    (Optional) The operations that must be cascaded to the target of the association.
    FetchType
    fetch
    (Optional) Whether the association should be lazily loaded or must be eagerly fetched.
    String
    mappedBy
    (Optional) The field that owns the relationship.
    boolean
    optional
    (Optional) Whether the association is optional.
    boolean
    orphanRemoval
    (Optional) Whether to apply the remove operation to entities that have been removed from the relationship and to cascade the remove operation to those entities.
    Class<?>
    targetEntity
    (Optional) The entity class that is the target of the association.

  • Element Details

    • targetEntity

      Class<?> targetEntity
      (Optional) The entity class that is the target of the association.

      Defaults to the type of the field or property that stores the association.

      Default:
      void.class

    • cascade

      CascadeType[] cascade
      (Optional) The operations that must be cascaded to the target of the association.

      By default no operations are cascaded.

      Default:
      {}

    • fetch

      FetchType fetch
      (Optional) Whether the association should be lazily loaded or must be eagerly fetched.
      • The EAGER strategy is a requirement on the persistence provider runtime that the associated entity must be eagerly fetched.
      • The LAZY strategy is a hint to the persistence provider runtime.

      If not specified, defaults to EAGER.

      Default:
      EAGER

    • optional

      boolean optional
      (Optional) Whether the association is optional. If set to false then a non-null relationship must always exist.
      Default:
      true

    • mappedBy

      String mappedBy
      (Optional) The field that owns the relationship. This element is only specified on the inverse (non-owning) side of the association.
      Default:
      ""

    • orphanRemoval

      boolean orphanRemoval
      (Optional) Whether to apply the remove operation to entities that have been removed from the relationship and to cascade the remove operation to those entities.
      Since:
      2.0
      Default:
      false